1 SPEAKING GENERALLY
as a rule - usually (but not always)
as usual – as always; in the normal or accustomed way; following a normal pattern
the exception proves the rule (an exception to the rule) – someone or smth which differs from the usual, the normal, or some principle, rule or theory
for the most part – mainly; generally; largely; in the majority of cases or instances; on the whole
to hold good (to hold true) – to continue to be consistently or constantly correct, true, valid or applicable
in general/in particular – speaking generally
in principle – as a general idea or principle, but without considering details or practical possibilities
in theory/in Practice – what should be correct, according to some rule or principle, in contrast with the actual situation
nine times out of ten – almost always
no exception or (not) any exception – thing or person following or forming part of some expected or normal type, pattern or rule
on paper – in theory; if judged from the written evidence
on the whole – generally speaking; considering the most important or the majority of factors [same as for the most part]
as usual – as always; in the normal or accustomed way; following a normal pattern
the exception proves the rule (an exception to the rule) – someone or smth which differs from the usual, the normal, or some principle, rule or theory
for the most part – mainly; generally; largely; in the majority of cases or instances; on the whole
to hold good (to hold true) – to continue to be consistently or constantly correct, true, valid or applicable
in general/in particular – speaking generally
in principle – as a general idea or principle, but without considering details or practical possibilities
in theory/in Practice – what should be correct, according to some rule or principle, in contrast with the actual situation
nine times out of ten – almost always
no exception or (not) any exception – thing or person following or forming part of some expected or normal type, pattern or rule
on paper – in theory; if judged from the written evidence
on the whole – generally speaking; considering the most important or the majority of factors [same as for the most part]
2 The Nature Of Things
as such – in or by its nature; considered alone; (in) itself [also means in that capacity or function]
to consist of – to be made (up) of; to be composed of; to comprise
in itself – standing or taken alone or separately; viewed or considered by itself as a thing isolated or apart from other things
in the nature of – being similar in type or character to; rather like
in (its) own right – because of what it is as such or in itself and independent of any other relationship
in the shape of – specifically; in the form of; in particular; namely (followed by details of something general)
of (its) own accord – spontaneously; as a result of ones’s own action, will or decision and not because of some outside influence or action
to consist of – to be made (up) of; to be composed of; to comprise
in itself – standing or taken alone or separately; viewed or considered by itself as a thing isolated or apart from other things
in the nature of – being similar in type or character to; rather like
in (its) own right – because of what it is as such or in itself and independent of any other relationship
in the shape of – specifically; in the form of; in particular; namely (followed by details of something general)
of (its) own accord – spontaneously; as a result of ones’s own action, will or decision and not because of some outside influence or action
3 Connection
according to – following; corresponding to; in relation to; as said by; depending on
in accordance with – following the terms or requirements of; (acting) in conformity with; as stated by; in line with
as to – about; regarding
(got) to do with – connected with; related to
hand in hand – working together or as a team; in conjunction with; as a complement to
in conjunction (with) – operation, functioning, working, acting or planning together; in collaboration
in connection (with) – about, concerning, relation or relevant to
to refer to – to have connection with; to direct attention to [also means to formally transfer from one authority to another]
in terms of – by taking as an example of; concerning; with regard to
on behalf of – as representative or spokesman for
(in) touch with – in contact by the spoken or written word
to be in touch – to be in contact
to get in touch – to make contact
to keep or stay in touch – to continue contact
to lose touch – to lose contact
out of touch – not in contact
with regard to – concerning; regarding; in connection with; in terms of; referring to
in accordance with – following the terms or requirements of; (acting) in conformity with; as stated by; in line with
as to – about; regarding
(got) to do with – connected with; related to
hand in hand – working together or as a team; in conjunction with; as a complement to
in conjunction (with) – operation, functioning, working, acting or planning together; in collaboration
in connection (with) – about, concerning, relation or relevant to
to refer to – to have connection with; to direct attention to [also means to formally transfer from one authority to another]
in terms of – by taking as an example of; concerning; with regard to
on behalf of – as representative or spokesman for
(in) touch with – in contact by the spoken or written word
to be in touch – to be in contact
to get in touch – to make contact
to keep or stay in touch – to continue contact
to lose touch – to lose contact
out of touch – not in contact
with regard to – concerning; regarding; in connection with; in terms of; referring to
4 Cause And Effect
to arise from – to originate from; to be due to; to be caused by
to bring about – to cause; to make (something) happen; to give rise to
to give rise to – to cause; to bring about
to have an effect or impact on – to affect; to influence
to result in – to be (or have as) the result [Note: to result frommeans to be (or have as) the cause]
to stem from – to originate from; to be caused by
to trigger off – to cause or bring about (an important or serious effect, often negative, sudden or violent) [also to spark off; to touch off]
to bring about – to cause; to make (something) happen; to give rise to
to give rise to – to cause; to bring about
to have an effect or impact on – to affect; to influence
to result in – to be (or have as) the result [Note: to result frommeans to be (or have as) the cause]
to stem from – to originate from; to be caused by
to trigger off – to cause or bring about (an important or serious effect, often negative, sudden or violent) [also to spark off; to touch off]
5 Priorities
above all (else) – most importantly (of all)
all important – most important; urgent or necessary
first and foremost – firstly and most important
(the) first step – the first stage, or part, of some process or series of actions
last but not least – introducing the next item on the list, which, although the last, is not less important than the others
to take (first) place – to be (the most) important; to have (top) priority
all important – most important; urgent or necessary
first and foremost – firstly and most important
(the) first step – the first stage, or part, of some process or series of actions
last but not least – introducing the next item on the list, which, although the last, is not less important than the others
to take (first) place – to be (the most) important; to have (top) priority
6 Purpose And Objective
to aim at – to plan to, or to try to, reach or hit an objective, goal or target
the aim of the exercise – the purpose or objective of this activity, which may not immediately be clear or apparent [also the point orobject of the exercise]
to arrange (for) – to fix or make practical plans for something to happen or to be done
game plan – carefully thought out general strategy for achieving a target and the tactics and methods to be used
to go ahead – to make progress; to move forward; to start or continue from a static or waiting position
to go for (it) – to be very enthusiastic and positive in feeling and action, usually about some specific thing or goal [informal]
in order to – with the purpose or aim of doing or causing smth; so as to
to make up one’s mind – to decide
a means to an end – way or method of getting to an objective
on purpose – not by accident or chance, but by or with some intention; deliberately
to put together – to assemble or fit together pieces or parts to make a whole
to set up – to establish; to found; to organize; to put in a position or condition to operate; to begin doing or making; to arrange
to tackle – to take firm direct and positive action in dealing with a threat or obstacle
to take action (on) – to act, either in response to or as a result of circumstances, or some decision; to deal with
to take steps – to take a series of actions towards a specific objective
to take the initiative – to be the first to make a move, forcing others to react accordingly
with a view to – with the aim, purpose or object of (doing) smth [also with an eye to]
the aim of the exercise – the purpose or objective of this activity, which may not immediately be clear or apparent [also the point orobject of the exercise]
to arrange (for) – to fix or make practical plans for something to happen or to be done
game plan – carefully thought out general strategy for achieving a target and the tactics and methods to be used
to go ahead – to make progress; to move forward; to start or continue from a static or waiting position
to go for (it) – to be very enthusiastic and positive in feeling and action, usually about some specific thing or goal [informal]
in order to – with the purpose or aim of doing or causing smth; so as to
to make up one’s mind – to decide
a means to an end – way or method of getting to an objective
on purpose – not by accident or chance, but by or with some intention; deliberately
to put together – to assemble or fit together pieces or parts to make a whole
to set up – to establish; to found; to organize; to put in a position or condition to operate; to begin doing or making; to arrange
to tackle – to take firm direct and positive action in dealing with a threat or obstacle
to take action (on) – to act, either in response to or as a result of circumstances, or some decision; to deal with
to take steps – to take a series of actions towards a specific objective
to take the initiative – to be the first to make a move, forcing others to react accordingly
with a view to – with the aim, purpose or object of (doing) smth [also with an eye to]
7 Focusing
to come to the point – to arrive directly at the focus, or most important part, of a speaking or writing activity
the fact of the matter is (that) (emphatic) the truth is; the most important thing is
to focus on – to concentrate on; to direct one hundred per cent attention to
to get down to business – to begin to talk seriously; to tackle the real or important matter(s)
to get to the bottom of – to find the cause of, or the answer to, a problem or question
hard facts – definite or specific facts which can be proved, checked or examined (in contrast to mere rumour, opinions, general statements or hopes)
in contrast to (or with) - different from; distinct from; opposite to
in fact – the truth, or reality, is that; really; truly
in reality – to be absolutely correct; really; actually
in (this) respect – focusing on only (one of) a number of factors; considering this factor in isolation
a matter of – a factor likely to be influential; a situation, matter, issue, thing, question, problem or topic which is most important or on which smth depends [also a question of]
to spotlight – to put special focus or attention on (a person or thing)
to zero in on – to identify and concentrate on some target
the fact of the matter is (that) (emphatic) the truth is; the most important thing is
to focus on – to concentrate on; to direct one hundred per cent attention to
to get down to business – to begin to talk seriously; to tackle the real or important matter(s)
to get to the bottom of – to find the cause of, or the answer to, a problem or question
hard facts – definite or specific facts which can be proved, checked or examined (in contrast to mere rumour, opinions, general statements or hopes)
in contrast to (or with) - different from; distinct from; opposite to
in fact – the truth, or reality, is that; really; truly
in reality – to be absolutely correct; really; actually
in (this) respect – focusing on only (one of) a number of factors; considering this factor in isolation
a matter of – a factor likely to be influential; a situation, matter, issue, thing, question, problem or topic which is most important or on which smth depends [also a question of]
to spotlight – to put special focus or attention on (a person or thing)
to zero in on – to identify and concentrate on some target
8 Time
ahead of time (or schedule) – earlier than arranged, expected or planned [Note: opposite in meaning to behind time (or schedule)]
at first – originally; in the first instance; at/in the beginning; to start with; at the time of starting
at once – immediately; very soon; right away
as yet – up to now; up to the time of speaking; so far
at (or from) the outset – at, from or shortly after some starting point; or from the first or early stages
for the time being – temporarily; for the moment
in the course of – during; while; while being done
in future – starting from this (or that) time; from now (or then) on
in the future – at or during some future time
in the long run – eventually; over or after a long time
in the long (short or medium) term – thinking, looking or planning from now into the future
in the meantime – meanwhile, for the time being
in a moment – shortly; very soon; almost immediately
in time – soon or early enough; not too late; at or before the right time
to look forward to – to think about some future time or event with positive, good feelings
moment of truth – the final and unavoidable point of crisis, change, confrontation or decision
on time – exactly at the right time, not late
right (or straight) away – now; immediately; at once
so far – up to now; as yet
time out – a pause or interval during some activity
at first – originally; in the first instance; at/in the beginning; to start with; at the time of starting
at once – immediately; very soon; right away
as yet – up to now; up to the time of speaking; so far
at (or from) the outset – at, from or shortly after some starting point; or from the first or early stages
for the time being – temporarily; for the moment
in the course of – during; while; while being done
in future – starting from this (or that) time; from now (or then) on
in the future – at or during some future time
in the long run – eventually; over or after a long time
in the long (short or medium) term – thinking, looking or planning from now into the future
in the meantime – meanwhile, for the time being
in a moment – shortly; very soon; almost immediately
in time – soon or early enough; not too late; at or before the right time
to look forward to – to think about some future time or event with positive, good feelings
moment of truth – the final and unavoidable point of crisis, change, confrontation or decision
on time – exactly at the right time, not late
right (or straight) away – now; immediately; at once
so far – up to now; as yet
time out – a pause or interval during some activity
9 Quantities
to amount to – to total; to mean; to result in
and so on – and other similar details; et cetera
as a whole – taken or considered all together; in aggregate
at all – to any, or to some, extent or degree; in any way
at least – to this minimum extent or amount or degree (and perhaps more)
at (the) most – up to (but certainly not more than) a given maximum
at the outside – as the highest estimate [also means at the most]
to average out at – to calculate or be calculated as an average
to be exact – to be more precise; to define exactly or accurately
give or take – more or less (by an approximate amount) than a certain amount
a good (or great) deal of – much; a lot of (+ uncountable noun)
in (the) aggregate – when totalled; considered together (not individually); taken as a whole
in all – in total; altogether; all told
in (or of) all shapes and sized – (being) of many or various different kinds, types, forms, measurements or descriptions
in excess of – more than
in full – completely; fully; totally; with nothing left out
more or less – approximately; virtually; to a slightly bigger or smaller extent, amount or degree (than)
on average – taking an amount or figure which represents the combined total of a given number of units (x) divided by the total number of units (y)
on a (large) scale – in (large) numbers; at a (high) level; to a(n) (great) extent
or so – approximately; about; roughly; more or less; give or take
and so on – and other similar details; et cetera
as a whole – taken or considered all together; in aggregate
at all – to any, or to some, extent or degree; in any way
at least – to this minimum extent or amount or degree (and perhaps more)
at (the) most – up to (but certainly not more than) a given maximum
at the outside – as the highest estimate [also means at the most]
to average out at – to calculate or be calculated as an average
to be exact – to be more precise; to define exactly or accurately
give or take – more or less (by an approximate amount) than a certain amount
a good (or great) deal of – much; a lot of (+ uncountable noun)
in (the) aggregate – when totalled; considered together (not individually); taken as a whole
in all – in total; altogether; all told
in (or of) all shapes and sized – (being) of many or various different kinds, types, forms, measurements or descriptions
in excess of – more than
in full – completely; fully; totally; with nothing left out
more or less – approximately; virtually; to a slightly bigger or smaller extent, amount or degree (than)
on average – taking an amount or figure which represents the combined total of a given number of units (x) divided by the total number of units (y)
on a (large) scale – in (large) numbers; at a (high) level; to a(n) (great) extent
or so – approximately; about; roughly; more or less; give or take
10 Position And Movement
back and forth – movement from one position to another, before returning to the first position again, usually again and again regularly [also backwards and forwards and to and fro]
every other (or every second) – in a sequence, with the focus on the second, fourth, sixth and so on
in lieu (of) – instead (of)
in place of – instead of; as a replacement
in turn – in sequence; one after another; according to some pattern of events [also means reciprocally]
to vary from … to (or between) – to fluctuate between certain given limits [also to range from … to]
every other (or every second) – in a sequence, with the focus on the second, fourth, sixth and so on
in lieu (of) – instead (of)
in place of – instead of; as a replacement
in turn – in sequence; one after another; according to some pattern of events [also means reciprocally]
to vary from … to (or between) – to fluctuate between certain given limits [also to range from … to]
11 Degrees Of Difficulty And Probability
at will – as or when one pleases; without restriction or limit
for sure – this is certain; there is no doubt
in all probability – most probably; more certain than not; in all likelihood
in any case – in any event; whatever happens; anyway
it’s as simple as that – the fact is so clear that no further reason or explanation is required
no problem – this is simple; without difficulty or inconvenience [informal]
of course – this is natural or to be expected
to rule out – to forbid or prohibit the possibility; to consider as impossible
a safe bet – almost one hundred percent certain [informal]
to stand to – to be in a position where, if and when an event takes place, some advantage or disadvantage is likely to occur [also to stand a chance]
to take place – to happen; to occur
for sure – this is certain; there is no doubt
in all probability – most probably; more certain than not; in all likelihood
in any case – in any event; whatever happens; anyway
it’s as simple as that – the fact is so clear that no further reason or explanation is required
no problem – this is simple; without difficulty or inconvenience [informal]
of course – this is natural or to be expected
to rule out – to forbid or prohibit the possibility; to consider as impossible
a safe bet – almost one hundred percent certain [informal]
to stand to – to be in a position where, if and when an event takes place, some advantage or disadvantage is likely to occur [also to stand a chance]
to take place – to happen; to occur
12 Effective Methods
to allow for – to take into consideration or account
better safe than sorry – it is better to be too careful than to take risks
bit by bit – in small pieces or stages; gradually
to carry out – to fulfill; to perfom; to complete or finish successfully
to check over – to look at carefully and efficiently in order to find out if there are any problems or mistakes
a dry (or dummy) run – an experiment or trial of a machine or project under realistic (but not real) conditions
in depth – completely and in detail; not superficially
in detail – with every part, detail or item mentioned or included
the ins and outs (of) – all the details
to keep an eye on – to watch carefully; to guard, in case of some (stated or unstated) risk or possibility
to look into – to investigate; to examine carefully; to inquire
to make sure (or certain) – to ensure; to check or verify [also means to cause or make smth inevitable]
to plan (or think) ahead – to prepare for the future; to make calculated future arrangements
to take care (not) (to) – to make sure/certain of (not) doing smth
to think out – to plan or consider carefully, in depth, in every aspect, especially smth to be decided now which may be of future importance; to try out – to test or use (smth or smo) for a trial period
better safe than sorry – it is better to be too careful than to take risks
bit by bit – in small pieces or stages; gradually
to carry out – to fulfill; to perfom; to complete or finish successfully
to check over – to look at carefully and efficiently in order to find out if there are any problems or mistakes
a dry (or dummy) run – an experiment or trial of a machine or project under realistic (but not real) conditions
in depth – completely and in detail; not superficially
in detail – with every part, detail or item mentioned or included
the ins and outs (of) – all the details
to keep an eye on – to watch carefully; to guard, in case of some (stated or unstated) risk or possibility
to look into – to investigate; to examine carefully; to inquire
to make sure (or certain) – to ensure; to check or verify [also means to cause or make smth inevitable]
to plan (or think) ahead – to prepare for the future; to make calculated future arrangements
to take care (not) (to) – to make sure/certain of (not) doing smth
to think out – to plan or consider carefully, in depth, in every aspect, especially smth to be decided now which may be of future importance; to try out – to test or use (smth or smo) for a trial period
13 Ineffective Methods
(at) random - without specific aim; unsystematic
(by) trial and error – finding the right method or solution by the primitive process of making changes in measurements or calculations until finally there are no errors
to cut corners – to follow a quick but risky route to an objective, especially by not performing all the usual stages of some process
hit and miss – unsystematic; random; relying on chance; not property thought out or carried out
the line (or path) of least resistance – the easiest (though probably not the best) way or course of action [same as to take the easy way out]
(a) short cut – a quicker way or method than usual of reaching an objective, by not following the usual way, pattern or procedure
(a) soft option – an easier, less inconvenient (and generally less effective) method or course of action than others available or possible
to take (a) chance(s) (on) – to try to do, or to take action on smth, knowing that there is a possibility of negative results; to run (a) rik(s)
to take the easy way out (of) – to avoid dealing directly with a problem, difficulty or situation by taking some other action [same asto take the line of least resistance]
to take risks or to run the risk of – to follow a course of action, knowing that it may lead to negative results; to take (a) chance(s)
(by) trial and error – finding the right method or solution by the primitive process of making changes in measurements or calculations until finally there are no errors
to cut corners – to follow a quick but risky route to an objective, especially by not performing all the usual stages of some process
hit and miss – unsystematic; random; relying on chance; not property thought out or carried out
the line (or path) of least resistance – the easiest (though probably not the best) way or course of action [same as to take the easy way out]
(a) short cut – a quicker way or method than usual of reaching an objective, by not following the usual way, pattern or procedure
(a) soft option – an easier, less inconvenient (and generally less effective) method or course of action than others available or possible
to take (a) chance(s) (on) – to try to do, or to take action on smth, knowing that there is a possibility of negative results; to run (a) rik(s)
to take the easy way out (of) – to avoid dealing directly with a problem, difficulty or situation by taking some other action [same asto take the line of least resistance]
to take risks or to run the risk of – to follow a course of action, knowing that it may lead to negative results; to take (a) chance(s)
14 Progress
all systems go – to be in a condition or attitude of total readiness to go ahead
to break new ground – to enter a new area of discovery or knowledge; to be a pioneer
to break the ice – to do or say smth to ease tensions between people; to start to create a more sociable, relaxed atmosphere, usually on first meeting [icebreaking]
to break through – to make sudden, positive progress by pushing through a seen or unseen barrier or obstacle [breakthrough]
to come up with – to create; devise; produce; find
to forge ahead – to make very good or rapid progress against all resistance; to develop or improve quickly
to get to (or to reach) first base (with) – to complete the first step of a series of stages towards some objective [to get past/beyond first base]
to make headway – to make progress in a particular direction, in spite of any problems or difficulties
to make progress – to move forward; to advance or to improve from some actual or imaginary starting point towards some actual or abstract objective
to open doors (for) – to prepare the ground for some future development; to create possibilities or opportunities; to break through obstacles [to pave the way (for)]
(a) step (forward) – positive movement towards an objective or improvement
to take shape – to progress from some general or uncertain theory, idea or plan towards smth with definite shape or form (but not yet completed)
to take (a) step – to take some particular action
to break new ground – to enter a new area of discovery or knowledge; to be a pioneer
to break the ice – to do or say smth to ease tensions between people; to start to create a more sociable, relaxed atmosphere, usually on first meeting [icebreaking]
to break through – to make sudden, positive progress by pushing through a seen or unseen barrier or obstacle [breakthrough]
to come up with – to create; devise; produce; find
to forge ahead – to make very good or rapid progress against all resistance; to develop or improve quickly
to get to (or to reach) first base (with) – to complete the first step of a series of stages towards some objective [to get past/beyond first base]
to make headway – to make progress in a particular direction, in spite of any problems or difficulties
to make progress – to move forward; to advance or to improve from some actual or imaginary starting point towards some actual or abstract objective
to open doors (for) – to prepare the ground for some future development; to create possibilities or opportunities; to break through obstacles [to pave the way (for)]
(a) step (forward) – positive movement towards an objective or improvement
to take shape – to progress from some general or uncertain theory, idea or plan towards smth with definite shape or form (but not yet completed)
to take (a) step – to take some particular action
15 Problems And Solutions
all or nothing – to be or to be aiming at one hundred per cent of smth, the only alternative being zero per cent
back against the wall – in a very difficult position; with few or no choices as to what action to take
to complete against – to try to beat or to oppose in competition
to cope (with) - to manage a problem; to deal successfully with a difficulty
to cut one’s losses – to end or withdraw from a bad situation which can only get worse [loss-cutting]
(a) drawback – a disadvantage
to face up to – to accept smth difficult or unpleasant and confront it
in the (or as a) last resort – the only real or remaining answer or possibility when every factor or possibility has been examined, considered or tried
(a) long shot – an attempt which is unlikely to succeed
to make do (with) – to manage with or accept smth which is less than one wants or needs, because there is no other choice
make or break – to be the cause or instrument of success or failure
on the blink – not working properly; needing servicing or repair
to run (or come or be) up against - to be, or arrive, at a position where positive progress or forward movement is, or may be, blocked
to save the situation – to find an answer to a serious problem [to save the day, to save (or lose) face]
a snap (decision) – a decision taken quickly, often in response to an urgent situation, where not enough time is given to weigh up all relevant factors and possible results
the tip of the iceberg – the small, visible, part of smth much larger, the greater part of which cannot be seen [often used with negative meaning]
without fail – this is one hundred per cent sure or necessary
worth (doing) or worth it or worthwhile – likely to pay useful dividends in return for time or effort spent
back against the wall – in a very difficult position; with few or no choices as to what action to take
to complete against – to try to beat or to oppose in competition
to cope (with) - to manage a problem; to deal successfully with a difficulty
to cut one’s losses – to end or withdraw from a bad situation which can only get worse [loss-cutting]
(a) drawback – a disadvantage
to face up to – to accept smth difficult or unpleasant and confront it
in the (or as a) last resort – the only real or remaining answer or possibility when every factor or possibility has been examined, considered or tried
(a) long shot – an attempt which is unlikely to succeed
to make do (with) – to manage with or accept smth which is less than one wants or needs, because there is no other choice
make or break – to be the cause or instrument of success or failure
on the blink – not working properly; needing servicing or repair
to run (or come or be) up against - to be, or arrive, at a position where positive progress or forward movement is, or may be, blocked
to save the situation – to find an answer to a serious problem [to save the day, to save (or lose) face]
a snap (decision) – a decision taken quickly, often in response to an urgent situation, where not enough time is given to weigh up all relevant factors and possible results
the tip of the iceberg – the small, visible, part of smth much larger, the greater part of which cannot be seen [often used with negative meaning]
without fail – this is one hundred per cent sure or necessary
worth (doing) or worth it or worthwhile – likely to pay useful dividends in return for time or effort spent
16 Positive Results
to bear fruit – to produce a result
(the) end product – the final result, after completion of some process or a series of actions
for sale – on the market and available, or open, to offers to buy
in the black – operating in credit, in profit, or with a (cash) surplus; with (current) assets in axcess of (current) liabilities
to make a profit – to sell smth for more than it costs to produce [opposite in meaning to to make a loss] [profit-making]
to make money – to get, obtain or gain money through some activity [opposite in meaning to to lose money] [money-maker]
to make … work – to put and keep smth in satisfactory working order or condition, to make smth operative
to pay dividends – to produce good results
to pay (one’s) way – to produce enough money to cover or pay one’s operating or running expenses
to pull off – to carry out successfully, using skill and/or persistence, in spite of all difficulties
to take effect – to become effective or operational in fact; to have, or show, the (intended) result of some plan or action
(the) end product – the final result, after completion of some process or a series of actions
for sale – on the market and available, or open, to offers to buy
in the black – operating in credit, in profit, or with a (cash) surplus; with (current) assets in axcess of (current) liabilities
to make a profit – to sell smth for more than it costs to produce [opposite in meaning to to make a loss] [profit-making]
to make money – to get, obtain or gain money through some activity [opposite in meaning to to lose money] [money-maker]
to make … work – to put and keep smth in satisfactory working order or condition, to make smth operative
to pay dividends – to produce good results
to pay (one’s) way – to produce enough money to cover or pay one’s operating or running expenses
to pull off – to carry out successfully, using skill and/or persistence, in spite of all difficulties
to take effect – to become effective or operational in fact; to have, or show, the (intended) result of some plan or action
17 Negative Result
to be (or go) out of action – to not work or operate; to fail to function or to stop working/operating/functioning
to break down – to fail; to collapse; to stop [also means to destroy]
(a) dead end – a path going nowhere; a direction or course from which there is no exit or which results in no progress [dead-end can be used as a noun]
dud – not performing the required or expected function; ineffective in result or effect
to go dead (on) – to stop working, responding or developing
to go wrong – to make a mistake; to miscalculate or misjudge; to develop negative characteristics
in the red – operationg in debit, at a loss, or with a (cash) deficit; with (current) liabilities in excess of (current) assets
in vain – unsuccessfully; without reaching one’s objective; with no result
to make a loss – to sell smth for less than its production cost [opposite in meaning to to make a profit] [loss-making]
to pay the penalty (or price) for – to suffer the negative result of one’s actions
to reach a stalemate - (in negotiation, etc) to arrive at a position where no progress can be made, where neither side can win or lose [also to reach a deadlock]
to be (or to fall) short of – to be less than needed, wanted or expected; to lack smth; to not be enough [shortfall]
to take the consequences – to accept the (negative) results of some (risky or foolish) action
(a) vicious circle – a negative situation in which any action leads only to further negative results
to break down – to fail; to collapse; to stop [also means to destroy]
(a) dead end – a path going nowhere; a direction or course from which there is no exit or which results in no progress [dead-end can be used as a noun]
dud – not performing the required or expected function; ineffective in result or effect
to go dead (on) – to stop working, responding or developing
to go wrong – to make a mistake; to miscalculate or misjudge; to develop negative characteristics
in the red – operationg in debit, at a loss, or with a (cash) deficit; with (current) liabilities in excess of (current) assets
in vain – unsuccessfully; without reaching one’s objective; with no result
to make a loss – to sell smth for less than its production cost [opposite in meaning to to make a profit] [loss-making]
to pay the penalty (or price) for – to suffer the negative result of one’s actions
to reach a stalemate - (in negotiation, etc) to arrive at a position where no progress can be made, where neither side can win or lose [also to reach a deadlock]
to be (or to fall) short of – to be less than needed, wanted or expected; to lack smth; to not be enough [shortfall]
to take the consequences – to accept the (negative) results of some (risky or foolish) action
(a) vicious circle – a negative situation in which any action leads only to further negative results
18 Tactics
to back down – to show a marked change of attitude or position, from being in confrontation to being passive, neutral or accepting; to withdraw
to back out (of) – to fail to carry out (or to withdraw from) some promise, arrangement, agreement or obligation
to break off – to end suddenly [also means to pause in speaking or working]
to keep (one’s) options open – to decide against taking any firm decision now, in favour of keeping a free choice for later
to lay (it) on the line – to speak clearly and frankly; to make one’s position obvious [also to spell (it) out]
to mean business – to be serious or determined in executing some intention; to be purposeful
to play ball (with) – to cooperate or negotiate with a view to doing business or reaching some agreement [informal]
to put (the) pressure on – to try to improve one’s position by use of persistence, forcefulness or threats
to rely on – to depend on; to trust
to soften up – to reduce resistance or to weaken opposition or hostility in order to achieve an objective more easily
to stand (or stick) out for – to be firmly decided not to accept less than one wants, even if it means waiting for it [also to hold out for]
to take a (firm) line (or stand) on/over – to show a (determined) intention, attitude or approach
to take (someone) out of – to use argument or discussion to persuade someone not to do smth
to take (someone) round – to persuade someone to change an attitude, intention or decision [also means to avoid speaking directly about smth]
to withdraw (from) – to leave or move away from an unsatisfactory or dangerous situation [withdrawal]
to back out (of) – to fail to carry out (or to withdraw from) some promise, arrangement, agreement or obligation
to break off – to end suddenly [also means to pause in speaking or working]
to keep (one’s) options open – to decide against taking any firm decision now, in favour of keeping a free choice for later
to lay (it) on the line – to speak clearly and frankly; to make one’s position obvious [also to spell (it) out]
to mean business – to be serious or determined in executing some intention; to be purposeful
to play ball (with) – to cooperate or negotiate with a view to doing business or reaching some agreement [informal]
to put (the) pressure on – to try to improve one’s position by use of persistence, forcefulness or threats
to rely on – to depend on; to trust
to soften up – to reduce resistance or to weaken opposition or hostility in order to achieve an objective more easily
to stand (or stick) out for – to be firmly decided not to accept less than one wants, even if it means waiting for it [also to hold out for]
to take a (firm) line (or stand) on/over – to show a (determined) intention, attitude or approach
to take (someone) out of – to use argument or discussion to persuade someone not to do smth
to take (someone) round – to persuade someone to change an attitude, intention or decision [also means to avoid speaking directly about smth]
to withdraw (from) – to leave or move away from an unsatisfactory or dangerous situation [withdrawal]
19 Attitudes Opinions And Discussion
to argue against – to oppose with logic [opposite in meaning to to argue in favour of]
to be against – to oppose; to be opposed or contrary to [opposite in meaning to to be for or to be in favour of]
the ball is in (your) court – it’s up to (you) to take action; the next step is for (you) to take; (we) await your next move
to change (one’s) mind – to change a decision or opinion
the facts speaks for themselves – the known facts of a situation clearly show the answers to any questions about them
to get across (to) – to communicate; to make clear; to reach
to get (one’s) priorities (right) – to choose the (correct) order of priorities, values, actions according to circumstances
to (have) an open mind – to be mentally flexible, to be ready and able to receive, process and (if necessary) adapt to new or opposing ideas or views [open-minded]
in (my) opinion – take the view that; my skill or experience leads me to believe that [also in my view]
to insist on – to press or impose one’s actions, wishes or views on others [insistence on]
to make (one’s) point – to succeed in making understood the logic or sence of an argument or opinion
to make clear – to explain so that there can be no possibility of misunderstanding
a matter of fact – something known or proved, or believed by the speaker, to be true or correct [matter-of-fact]
to point out – to show or indicate; to make clear; to emphasise
to put the record straight – to put right any misunderstandings; to correct any false ideas by giving the true facts
to (be) take(n) aback – to (be) cause(d) a feeling of surprise or astonishment, often also with disappointment or dismay
to take the long view – to form a decision or opinion based not only on the present position but also taking into account long-term developments
to take the view (that) – to have or be of the opinion (that)
to talk over (with) – to discuss or consider fully, in all its aspects
to be against – to oppose; to be opposed or contrary to [opposite in meaning to to be for or to be in favour of]
the ball is in (your) court – it’s up to (you) to take action; the next step is for (you) to take; (we) await your next move
to change (one’s) mind – to change a decision or opinion
the facts speaks for themselves – the known facts of a situation clearly show the answers to any questions about them
to get across (to) – to communicate; to make clear; to reach
to get (one’s) priorities (right) – to choose the (correct) order of priorities, values, actions according to circumstances
to (have) an open mind – to be mentally flexible, to be ready and able to receive, process and (if necessary) adapt to new or opposing ideas or views [open-minded]
in (my) opinion – take the view that; my skill or experience leads me to believe that [also in my view]
to insist on – to press or impose one’s actions, wishes or views on others [insistence on]
to make (one’s) point – to succeed in making understood the logic or sence of an argument or opinion
to make clear – to explain so that there can be no possibility of misunderstanding
a matter of fact – something known or proved, or believed by the speaker, to be true or correct [matter-of-fact]
to point out – to show or indicate; to make clear; to emphasise
to put the record straight – to put right any misunderstandings; to correct any false ideas by giving the true facts
to (be) take(n) aback – to (be) cause(d) a feeling of surprise or astonishment, often also with disappointment or dismay
to take the long view – to form a decision or opinion based not only on the present position but also taking into account long-term developments
to take the view (that) – to have or be of the opinion (that)
to talk over (with) – to discuss or consider fully, in all its aspects
20 Developing Ideas And Arguments
as we have seen – as has already been shown, proved or demonstrated
as well (as) – too; also; in addition (to)
to begin (or start) with – at first; first of all; at the beginning
by the same token – for the same reason; as a logical extension of the same argument
by the way – changing the subject, incidentally, in passing
in addition (to) – also; besides; over and above; too [same as as well (as)]
in other words – saying the same thing in a different way; to summarise [also that is to say]
in passing – incidentally; by the way; another important matter (not directly connected with what I am saying) is
in the first place – first of all; for a start; as a first step; before anything else is said or done; in the first instance; to start with; to begin with; first and foremost
in the same way – similarly; likewise; by the same token
to put it (differently) – to say or explain smth (in a different way)
what is more – in addition especially; this is (even more) important
as well (as) – too; also; in addition (to)
to begin (or start) with – at first; first of all; at the beginning
by the same token – for the same reason; as a logical extension of the same argument
by the way – changing the subject, incidentally, in passing
in addition (to) – also; besides; over and above; too [same as as well (as)]
in other words – saying the same thing in a different way; to summarise [also that is to say]
in passing – incidentally; by the way; another important matter (not directly connected with what I am saying) is
in the first place – first of all; for a start; as a first step; before anything else is said or done; in the first instance; to start with; to begin with; first and foremost
in the same way – similarly; likewise; by the same token
to put it (differently) – to say or explain smth (in a different way)
what is more – in addition especially; this is (even more) important
21 Disagreement and Criticism
as far as (it) goes – within certain limited incomplete or imperfect bounds
at cross purposes – having a difference of opinions, wishes or objectives, leading to confusion
to be beside the point – to have no connection with what is being discussed; to be irrelevant
(a) credibility gap – the difference or distance between what one is able, or willing, to believe and what one is asked to believe; the extent of disbelief
to have doubts about – to have a negative or uncertain reaction or feeling about
(a) matter of opinion – smth not known or proved to be true or correct; smth not believed by the speaker
on the contrary – in total contrast (to what has just been said), completely in opposition or reverse
out of the question – not a possibility [also there is no (not any) question of]
to pass the buck – to try to avoid blame or responsibility by blaming someone or smth else [buckpassing]
to shift the blame (or responsibility) (onto) – to try to transfer the weight or focus of blame or responsibility, misdirecting it from where it belongs, in order to avoid it [also to put the blame on] [same as to pass the buck]
to split hairs – to disagree or argue over smth unimportant [hairsplitting]
up to a point – partly; to same extent
(a) value judgement – an opinion or decision based on personal feelings, subjectivity or wishful thinking and not on fact, knowledge, reason or objectivity
at cross purposes – having a difference of opinions, wishes or objectives, leading to confusion
to be beside the point – to have no connection with what is being discussed; to be irrelevant
(a) credibility gap – the difference or distance between what one is able, or willing, to believe and what one is asked to believe; the extent of disbelief
to have doubts about – to have a negative or uncertain reaction or feeling about
(a) matter of opinion – smth not known or proved to be true or correct; smth not believed by the speaker
on the contrary – in total contrast (to what has just been said), completely in opposition or reverse
out of the question – not a possibility [also there is no (not any) question of]
to pass the buck – to try to avoid blame or responsibility by blaming someone or smth else [buckpassing]
to shift the blame (or responsibility) (onto) – to try to transfer the weight or focus of blame or responsibility, misdirecting it from where it belongs, in order to avoid it [also to put the blame on] [same as to pass the buck]
to split hairs – to disagree or argue over smth unimportant [hairsplitting]
up to a point – partly; to same extent
(a) value judgement – an opinion or decision based on personal feelings, subjectivity or wishful thinking and not on fact, knowledge, reason or objectivity
22 Conditions
as long as – if the situation exists that, provided that, but only if
in case – if it happens that; in order to be ready for
it (or that) depends (on) - maybe; perhaps; (I) haven’t decided yet, and anyway there could be conditions; it is very uncertain
it (or that) remains to be seen – it is not yet known or decided (whether)
on condition that – (yes) but only if; (yes) but (in exchange) there is a special requirement that; on the understanding that
in case – if it happens that; in order to be ready for
it (or that) depends (on) - maybe; perhaps; (I) haven’t decided yet, and anyway there could be conditions; it is very uncertain
it (or that) remains to be seen – it is not yet known or decided (whether)
on condition that – (yes) but only if; (yes) but (in exchange) there is a special requirement that; on the understanding that
23 Logic and Reason
to account for – to explain; to give a full or satisfactory answer for
common sense – natural intelligence and understanding (not what is learned or taught)
to hold water – to pass or be able to pass testing or exam; to be sound
to make sense – to be logical; to have meaning; to be correct or capable of being understood
to prove (the) case (or point) – to show that an opinion or argument is correct or true
to tie in (with) – to match; to correspond with; to fit (or to make or cause to fit); to corroborate; to coordinate
common sense – natural intelligence and understanding (not what is learned or taught)
to hold water – to pass or be able to pass testing or exam; to be sound
to make sense – to be logical; to have meaning; to be correct or capable of being understood
to prove (the) case (or point) – to show that an opinion or argument is correct or true
to tie in (with) – to match; to correspond with; to fit (or to make or cause to fit); to corroborate; to coordinate
24 Balancing Arguments
either way – this is the single or inevitable result whatever happens or is done (or whether it is true or not) [also one way or the other]
for (and) against – in agreement with and contrary to
on balance – after considering all positive and negative features; all things considered; taking into account all factors for and against
on the one hand… on the other (hand) – in contrast
(the) pros and cons – the positive and negative aspects, features, factors or arguments
to take into account (or consideration) – to include as one of the important factors or things connected with a question, calculation or situation [also to take account of]
to weigh up – to form an opinion or reach a conclusion by analyzing and assessing information
for (and) against – in agreement with and contrary to
on balance – after considering all positive and negative features; all things considered; taking into account all factors for and against
on the one hand… on the other (hand) – in contrast
(the) pros and cons – the positive and negative aspects, features, factors or arguments
to take into account (or consideration) – to include as one of the important factors or things connected with a question, calculation or situation [also to take account of]
to weigh up – to form an opinion or reach a conclusion by analyzing and assessing information
25 Steps to Understanding
at first sight – apparently at first; when seen for the first time [alsoat first glance]
at a glance – by looking quickly
to be in the dark – to not know; to be without information [note: to keep in the dark means to deliberately make sure (someone) does not know]
to be in the picture – to know; to have information [note: to put in the picture means to give information; to keep in the picture means to keep informed]
crystal clear – clear beyond any doubt; without possibility of misunderstanding
(a) first impression – first feeling, or initial reaction, caused as a result of a new experience or situation
to leave open – to delay a decision or conclusion until after further discussion or action
on the face of it – apparently (but not necessarily); as seems at first (and on the limited information available) to be true
on second thoughts – after giving the matter further consideration [also on reflection]
on the surface – upon looking at what can be seen from the outside, superficially
(a) second opinion – an opinion (usually expert) from someone not directly involved in a matter, where there is doubt or disagreement between those directly involved
to see the light – to change from a wrong or mistaken belief, intention or course of action; to realize that one has been wrong
to see reason – to be persuaded by fair or logical argument
to sleep on it – to take a short time (until the next day) to think smth over before coming to a decision (informal)
to throw light on – to give a reason or explanation for smth which is not clear or apparent, to enable understanding [also to shed light on]
wise after the event – to realize, after smth has happened, what should (or should not) have been done before it happened
with hindsight – with the help of an understanding of events which is only possible after they have happened
at a glance – by looking quickly
to be in the dark – to not know; to be without information [note: to keep in the dark means to deliberately make sure (someone) does not know]
to be in the picture – to know; to have information [note: to put in the picture means to give information; to keep in the picture means to keep informed]
crystal clear – clear beyond any doubt; without possibility of misunderstanding
(a) first impression – first feeling, or initial reaction, caused as a result of a new experience or situation
to leave open – to delay a decision or conclusion until after further discussion or action
on the face of it – apparently (but not necessarily); as seems at first (and on the limited information available) to be true
on second thoughts – after giving the matter further consideration [also on reflection]
on the surface – upon looking at what can be seen from the outside, superficially
(a) second opinion – an opinion (usually expert) from someone not directly involved in a matter, where there is doubt or disagreement between those directly involved
to see the light – to change from a wrong or mistaken belief, intention or course of action; to realize that one has been wrong
to see reason – to be persuaded by fair or logical argument
to sleep on it – to take a short time (until the next day) to think smth over before coming to a decision (informal)
to throw light on – to give a reason or explanation for smth which is not clear or apparent, to enable understanding [also to shed light on]
wise after the event – to realize, after smth has happened, what should (or should not) have been done before it happened
with hindsight – with the help of an understanding of events which is only possible after they have happened
26 Summarising
all in all – taking everything into account and weighing it up; summarizing by comparing the positive and negative factors
(a) bare outline – a short description; a few words giving only the most important facts [also (the) bare bones]
in brief – briefly; to summarise; in a word; in other words [also in short]
in effect – not in itself or directly, but in reality; in its actual meaning, effect or result; in Practice; for all practical purposes
in essence – basically; fundamentally; as to only the central or most important facts or circumstances
in a nutshell – briefly; to summarise in a few words
in a word – briefly; in short; to summarise [same as in other words;in brief]
the long and the short of it – to summarise the main, basic or essential facts or result
that is (to say) – in other words; put differently
(a) bare outline – a short description; a few words giving only the most important facts [also (the) bare bones]
in brief – briefly; to summarise; in a word; in other words [also in short]
in effect – not in itself or directly, but in reality; in its actual meaning, effect or result; in Practice; for all practical purposes
in essence – basically; fundamentally; as to only the central or most important facts or circumstances
in a nutshell – briefly; to summarise in a few words
in a word – briefly; in short; to summarise [same as in other words;in brief]
the long and the short of it – to summarise the main, basic or essential facts or result
that is (to say) – in other words; put differently
27 Steps to Compromise and Agreement
to agree on – to reach or make agreement about
to agree to – to accept
to agree with – to have the same opinion as; to come to the same conclusion as
to be in line with – to be in conformity or agreement with
common ground – a shared area of agreement or understanding; an overlap of aims or interests
to compromise (with) (over) - to reach agreement by modifying or reducing one’s stated objectives
to do business (with) – to trade or negotiate with a view to making money
to draw up – to arrange, prepare, draft or compose a written document
give and take – to make compromises or an exchange of concessions so that everyone gains or loses to the same extent
to go along with – to share the same opinion as; to be or act in agreement with
in agreement (with) – showing or having a shared opinion or conclusion
in so far as – to the degree, extent or amount that; in the sense that
to make (or do) a deal (with) – to reach a business or commercial agreement
to meet (someone) half day – to compromise by a reduction in one’s own demands, in return for a corresponding concession
off the record – unofficially; not for the record; in confidence; not to be repeated, used or relied on in any way
on (these) line(s) – in this way; according to or by following this method, procedure, formula or pattern [also along (these) lines]
on (these) terms – in line with conditions or arrangements proposed or imposed
other things being equal – only if other factors, conditions or circumstances (not directly being discussed) remain unchanged
to see eye to eye (with) – to agree, compromise or cooperate by first appreciating the other’s thoughts and needs
to settle (one’s) differences – to reach agreement or compromise on points or areas of disagreement in a discussion or relationship, so that only agreement remains
to smooth out – to remove problems or difficulties by discussing or action; to sort out; to put right [also to iron out; to straighten out]
to take note of – to note, record or consider (when deciding or taking action) smth which is indirectly connected, but which is not a factor to be taken into account
to take (the) point – to understand a reason, argument or point of view, but not necessarily to agree with it (also to see the point)
to think over – to summarise mentally in order to decide one’s present attitude or position with a view to future actions or decisions
to thrash out – to solve or to overcome a problem (or to reach a solution) by frank discussion [informal]
what if…? – suppose…?
without prejudice (to) – without reducing any existing right or withdrawing any existing claim, but in an effort to reach a compromise
to agree to – to accept
to agree with – to have the same opinion as; to come to the same conclusion as
to be in line with – to be in conformity or agreement with
common ground – a shared area of agreement or understanding; an overlap of aims or interests
to compromise (with) (over) - to reach agreement by modifying or reducing one’s stated objectives
to do business (with) – to trade or negotiate with a view to making money
to draw up – to arrange, prepare, draft or compose a written document
give and take – to make compromises or an exchange of concessions so that everyone gains or loses to the same extent
to go along with – to share the same opinion as; to be or act in agreement with
in agreement (with) – showing or having a shared opinion or conclusion
in so far as – to the degree, extent or amount that; in the sense that
to make (or do) a deal (with) – to reach a business or commercial agreement
to meet (someone) half day – to compromise by a reduction in one’s own demands, in return for a corresponding concession
off the record – unofficially; not for the record; in confidence; not to be repeated, used or relied on in any way
on (these) line(s) – in this way; according to or by following this method, procedure, formula or pattern [also along (these) lines]
on (these) terms – in line with conditions or arrangements proposed or imposed
other things being equal – only if other factors, conditions or circumstances (not directly being discussed) remain unchanged
to see eye to eye (with) – to agree, compromise or cooperate by first appreciating the other’s thoughts and needs
to settle (one’s) differences – to reach agreement or compromise on points or areas of disagreement in a discussion or relationship, so that only agreement remains
to smooth out – to remove problems or difficulties by discussing or action; to sort out; to put right [also to iron out; to straighten out]
to take note of – to note, record or consider (when deciding or taking action) smth which is indirectly connected, but which is not a factor to be taken into account
to take (the) point – to understand a reason, argument or point of view, but not necessarily to agree with it (also to see the point)
to think over – to summarise mentally in order to decide one’s present attitude or position with a view to future actions or decisions
to thrash out – to solve or to overcome a problem (or to reach a solution) by frank discussion [informal]
what if…? – suppose…?
without prejudice (to) – without reducing any existing right or withdrawing any existing claim, but in an effort to reach a compromise
28 Reasons for Decisions
the acid test – the most effective and essential test of a quality
to base on – to use as a basis; ground or system of reasoning
in (or under) the circumstances – in this particular situation; because of (special) conditions or influences
in that case – because of that; that being so; since that is the reality of the situation
in the final analysis – from a process of logic, it can ultimately be seen; when all the facts have been examined it is clear
in the light (of) – according to; in relation to; when seen in relation to the following evidence; what is now clear (from) [note: in a new light means in a different, flesh way (of seeing, knowing or understanding)]
in view of – taking into account; considering; because of
on the basis (of) – using smth as a test or justification for reaching a conclusion; in accordance with a certain standard; in conformity with some requirement
on the ground(s) of (or that) - for the following reason(s); for the reason that; because of the fact or belief that [same as on the basis of]
to base on – to use as a basis; ground or system of reasoning
in (or under) the circumstances – in this particular situation; because of (special) conditions or influences
in that case – because of that; that being so; since that is the reality of the situation
in the final analysis – from a process of logic, it can ultimately be seen; when all the facts have been examined it is clear
in the light (of) – according to; in relation to; when seen in relation to the following evidence; what is now clear (from) [note: in a new light means in a different, flesh way (of seeing, knowing or understanding)]
in view of – taking into account; considering; because of
on the basis (of) – using smth as a test or justification for reaching a conclusion; in accordance with a certain standard; in conformity with some requirement
on the ground(s) of (or that) - for the following reason(s); for the reason that; because of the fact or belief that [same as on the basis of]
The most popular idioms from A to Z
A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush
"Dan has asked me to go to a party with him. What if my boyfriend finds out?" Reply: "Don't go. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
A Blessing In Disguise
"My car broke down again, but maybe it was a blessing in disguise; I've been wasting too much time driving around anyway."
A Chip On Your Shoulder
"What's bothering that guy?" Answer: "Nothing; he's just got a chip on the shoulder."
A Dime A Dozen
"I don't need friends like him; they are a dime a dozen."
A Drop In The Bucket
"I'd like to do something to change the world but whatever I do seems like a drop in the bucket."
A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted
Example: "Her husband can't seem to hold onto any amount of money; he either spends it or loses it. A fool and his money are easily parted."
A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned
"I'm going to give you $20 but I want you to put it in the bank; a penny saved is a penny earned!"
A Piece Of Cake
"Do you think you will win your tennis match today?" Answer: "It will be a piece of cake."
A Shot In The Dark
"That was such a difficult question! How did you get it right?" Reply: "I just took a shot in the dark."
A Slap On The Wrist
"He should be in jail for what he did, but he got off with just a slap on the wrist."
A Slip Of The Tongue
"Be careful talking to the police tomorrow; one slip of the tongue could get us into big trouble."
A Taste Of Your Own Medicine
"It looks like she got a taste of her own medicine."
A Toss-Up
"Do you think they'll make it one time?" Answer: "I really don't know. It's a toss-up."
A Wolf In Sheep's Clothing
"Don't trust the salespeople at that store; they are all wolves in sheep's clothing!"
About Face
"Do an about face, get back in that bathroom, and brush your teeth!"
Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder
"The time we spend apart has been good for us; absence makes the heart grow fonder."
Actions Speak Louder Than Words
"Don't tell me how to do this; show me! Actions speak louder than words."
Add Fuel To The Fire
"I would like to do something to help, but I don't want to add fuel to the fire."
Against The Clock
"We worked against the clock all day to get this report done by 5PM."
Against The Grain
"I jog at this track everyday and there is always that one guy who has to go against the grain and run in the opposite direction."
All Bark And No Bite
"The new manager threatened to fire me but I know he won't do it; he is all bark and no bite."
All Greek
"Did you understand what he just said?" Reply: "Nope. It was all Greek to me."
All In The Same Boat
"We can't fight against each other; we need to work together. We're all in the same boat!"
All That Glitters Is Not Gold
"Be careful when shopping for your new car; all that glitters is not gold!"
All Thumbs
"Hey! You are pouring my coffee on the table!" Reply: "Oh, I'm so sorry! I have been all thumbs today."
An Arm And A Leg
"Be careful with that watch; it cost me an arm and a leg."
An Axe To Grind
"I have an axe to grind with you." Answer: "Oh no; what did I do wrong?"
Arm In Arm
"What a nice afternoon. We walked arm in arm along the beach for hours."
Around The Block
"You kids are too young to fall in love: Wait until you have been around the block a time or two."
As Blind As A Bat
"Without his glasses, my father is as blind as a bat."
As High As A Kite
"The ball got stuck up there on the roof. It's as high as a kite."
As Light As A Feather
"Wow, you lift that box so easily!" Reply: "Oh, come on. It is as light as a feather."
At The Drop Of A Hat
"Would you travel around the world if you had the money?" Answer: "At the drop of a hat."
At Wit's End
"We have been at wit's end trying to figure out how we are going to pay our taxes."
Back To The Drawing Board
"It looks like my plan to kill the weeds in the garden has failed. Back to the drawing board."
Barking Up The Wrong Tree
"I have been trying to solve this math problem for 30 minutes but I think I've been barking up the wrong tree."
Beat A Dead Horse
"There's no use in beating a dead horse."
Beating Around The Bush
"If you want to ask me, just ask; don't beat around the bush."
Bend Over Backwards
"We bent over backwards to help him, and he never even thanked us!"
Better Late Than Never
"Sorry I was late for the meeting today; I got stuck in traffic." Answer: "That's okay; better late than never."
Between A Rock And A Hard Place
"I'd like to help you but I am stuck between a rock and a hard place."
Birds Of A Feather Flock Together
"Look; the volleyball players are eating at the same table together, as always." Answer: "Birds of a feather flock together."
Bite Off More Than You Can Chew
"I thought I could finish this report within one month, but it looks like I have bitten off more than I can chew."
Bite Your Tongue
"Whenever that professor says something I don't like, I have to bite my tongue."
Blood Is Thicker Than Water
"When my best friend and my brother got in a fight I had to help my brother; blood is thicker than water."
Break Down
"Did your car break down again?"
Break In
"They broke in to my apartment when I was gone, and they took everything!"
Break The Tie
"Whoever wins in Florida will have enough votes to break the tie."
Burn Your Bridges
"I wish you hadn't been rude to that man just now; he is very important in this town and you shouldn't go around burning bridges."
Burning The Candle At Both Ends
"Ever since this new project started I have been burning the candle at both ends. I can't take much more of it."
Burning The Midnight Oil
"Our son has been working hard preparing for his final exams!" Answer: "Yes, he's been up each night burning the midnight oil."
Call It Off
"Tonight's game was called off because of the rain."
Can't Cut The Mustard
"Bob dropped out of medical school; he couldn't cut the mustard."
Cold Turkey
"I want to quit drinking right now. As of this moment, I am going cold turkey."
Come Hell Or High Water
"Will you be at the family reunion next year?" Answer: "Yes- we'll be there, come hell or high water!"
Cross Your Fingers
"Let's cross our fingers and hope for the best!"
Cry Over Spilt Milk
"Let's not go crying over spilt milk."
Cry Wolf
"That kid on the other team just fell down; it looks like he might be hurt!" Answer: "He's not hurt; he's just crying wolf."
Curiosity Killed The Cat
"Hey, I wonder what's down that street; it looks awfully dark and creepy." Answer: "Let's not try to find out. Curiosity killed the cat."
Dead Heat
"It looks like were going to have to find another way to decide a winner. That one was a dead heat."
Dog-Eat-Dog
"I have been in this business for twenty years. It's dog-eat-dog; the competition is always trying to steal your customers."
Don't Count Your Chickens Until They're Hatched
"Next Friday I will be able to pay you back that money I owe you." Answer: "I won't be counting my chickens..."
Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth
"Don't look a gift horse in the mouth! When you buy your own beers you can decide what brand you want."
Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket
"The best way to gamble is to only bet small amounts of money and never put all your eggs in one basket."
Down To The Wire
"It looks like this race is going to come right down to the wire!"
Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures
"Sales have been slow and we had to let go three of our employees; drastic times call for drastic measures."
Dry Spell
"Sam is a great salesman, though lately he's been having a bit of a dry spell."
Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining
"I found a new job after all and I like this one much better than the last!" Answer: "You see, every cloud has a silver lining."
Everything But The Kitchen Sink
"Whenever we go camping my wife wants to bring everything but the kitchen sink!"
Fair And Fair Alike
"Michael stayed home to take care of your sister last night, so tonight it is your turn. Fair and fair alike."
Finding Your Feet
"Don't worry about it. We will help you while you are finding your feet."
Fixed In Your Ways
"Sometimes it is hard to accept that your parents are fixed in their ways."
Flash In The Pan
"What a great first year he had, but after that... nothing!" Answer: "Just another flash in the pan."
From Rags To Riches
"My uncle is a real rags to riches story."
Get Over It
"I was very sick yesterday, but I got over it quickly."
Get Up On The Wrong Side Of The Bed
"Don't start yelling at me just because you got up on the wrong side of the bed."
Give Him The Slip
"My brother will be at the movie tonight. Afterwards, let's give him the slip and go to a party."
Go For Broke
"The way to be successful is to decide exactly what you want, then go for broke."
Great Minds Think Alike
"I have decided that this summer I am going to learn how to scuba dive." Answer: "Me too! I have already paid for the course. Great minds think alike!"
Haste Makes Waste
"You should always take your time when doing your taxes and check your numbers very carefully; haste makes waste."
Have No Idea
"I can't find my keys. I have no idea where I put them."
He Lost His Head
"Okay- I'll tell you what happened. But don't lose your head."
Head Over Heels
"I have been head over heels about my girlfriend since the day I met her."
Icing On The Cake
"I've been accepted by the university, and they've offered me a position on the basketball team!" Answer: "That's wonderful! Icing on the cake."
Idle Hands Are The Devil's Tools
"It makes me nervous to see those kids outside just standing around; idle hands are the devils tools!"
If It's Not One Thing, It's Another
"First the car broke down, and now I can't find my keys! If it's not one thing, it's another!"
In And Out
"I know this city in and out."
In Over Your Head
"Go ahead and lead the meeting today; I'll help you out if you get in over your head."
In The Dark
"Did you know that today was her birthday?" Answer: "No, I was in the dark."
In The Doghouse
"You kids will be in the doghouse with your mother after that mess you made in her garden!"
In The Heat Of The Moment
"Sorry about what I said; I got caught up in the heat of the moment."
It Takes Two To Tango
"Her husband is awful; they fight all the time." Answer: "It takes two to tango."
It's A Small World
"Hey, it's funny seeing you here." Reply: "It's a small world."
Its Anyone's Call
"Who do you think will win this election?" Answer: "Its anyone's call."
Keep An Eye On Him
"I have to run to the bathroom. Can you keep an eye on my suitcase while I am gone?"
Labor Of Love
"Taking care of this dog is a labor of love."
Lend Me Your Ear
"Friends, Romans, countrymen; lend me your ear."
Let Bygones Be Bygones
"You and I have had our disagreements; let's let bygones be bygones."
Let Sleeping Dogs Lie
"I wanted to ask her what she thought of her ex-husband, but I figured it was better to let sleeping dogs lie."
Let The Cat Out Of The Bag
"Bob didn't tell anyone that he was sick, but his wife let the cat out of the bag."
Mad As A Hatter
"Everybody in my family knew that our uncle was as mad as a hatter."
Method To My Madness
"Give me a moment to explain; there is method to my madness."
Neck And Neck
"They're coming around the final corner. They're neck and neck!"
Neither A Borrower, Nor A Lender Be
"Could you lend me twenty dollars?" Answer: "Sorry, neither a borrower nor a lender be."
Never Bite The Hand That Feeds You
"We have been your best customers for years. How could you suddenly treat us so rudely? You should never bite the hand that feeds you."
Nose Out Of Joint
"We were only joking; don't get your nose out of joint."
Not A Chance
"Do you think you will be able to finish your report by five o'clock today?" Answer: "Not a chance. I'll be busy in meetings all day."
Off Limits
"Guns are off limits within New York City."
Off On The Wrong Foot
"Let's try to start on time tomorrow and get off on the right foot."
Off The Hook
"You're lucky; it turns out that Dad never heard you come in late last night." Answer: "Great, that means I'm off the hook!"
On Pins And Needles
"Jean was on pins and needles the whole time her father was in the hospital."
On The Fence
"Has he decided whether he will take the job yet?" Answer: "No, he's still on the fence."
On The Same Page
"Before we make any decisions today, I'd like to make sure that everyone is on the same page."
On Top Of The World
"What a great time we had that night; we were on top of the world!"
On Your Last Leg
"I would be glad to sell you my car, but I must tell you that it is on its last leg."
On Your Mind
"You have been on my mind all day."
One For The Road
"Bartender- I'll have one more whiskey for the road."
Out And About
"Where have you been all day?" Answer: "Oh, out and about."
Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind
"I meant to read that book, but as soon as I put it down, I forgot about it." Answer: "Out of sight, out of mind."
Out Of The Blue
"Why did she do that?" Answer: "I have no idea. It was completely out of the blue."
Out Of The Frying Pan And Into The Fire
"I didn't like that job because I was working too hard. Yet in this new job I work even harder!" Answer: "Out of the frying pan and into the fire."
Out Of The Woods
"Joe was sick two weeks ago and we were very worried, but now it looks like he is out of the woods."
Out Of Your Element
"He is a great tennis player on the hard courts, but he is out of his element on grass."
Out On A Limb
"I want this project to succeed just as much as you do, but I am not willing to go out on a limb."
Out On The Town
"Do you want to join us tonight? We're going out on the town."
Over My Dead Body
"All of my friends are going out to the lake tonight and I'm going too!" Answer: "Over my dead body you are!"
Par For The Course
"I get sick every time I travel." Answer: "That's just par for the course."
Penny-Wise, Pound-Foolish
"We've worked so hard to save money that if we took a vacation now it would be penny-wise, pound-foolish."
People Who Live In Glass Houses Should Not Throw Stones
"Look at what time it is... you are late again!" Answer: "Hey, how often are you not on time? People who live in glass houses should not throw stones."
Practice Makes Perfect
"You see how quickly you are getting better at the piano! Practice makes perfect!"
Practice What You Preach
"Good managers always lead by example and Practice what they preach."
Preaching To The Choir
"You don't need to tell me this project is important; you're preaching to the choir."
Protest Too Much
"Do you think he is telling the truth?" Answer: "I think he protests too much."
Pulling Your Leg
"I want to ask you a question and I would like an honest answer; no pulling my leg."
Put Your Best Foot Forward
"I want you to get out on that field and put your best foot forward!"
Put Your Foot In Your Mouth
"Let's all be very careful what we say at the meeting tomorrow. I don't want anyone putting their foot in their mouth."
Raise Cain
"Have you two boys been out raising cain again?"
Rock The Boat
"Everybody wants to go except for you. Why do you have to rock the boat?"
Roll Out The Red Carpet
"We are all so excited about your coming home that we're going to roll out the red carpet."
Rome Was Not Built In One Day
"It is taking me a long time to write this computer program." Answer: "Rome was not built in one day."
Round About
"Well, I know how to get there in a round about way, but maybe we should check the map."
Rub Salt In An Old Wound
"Oh please, let's not rub salt in old wounds!"
Second Nature
"It has always been second nature for me to draw with both hands."
Shake A Leg
"They are waiting outside in the car; let's shake a leg!"
Sick As A Dog
"I heard you were uncomfortable yesterday." Answer: "Uncomfortable? I was as sick as a dog!"
Sink Or Swim
"When we interview new Teacher, we just put them in with the students and see how they do. It's sink or swim."
Six Of One, A Half-Dozen Of The Other
Example: "I say she's a stewardess. She says she's a flight attendant. It's six of one, a half-dozen of the other."
Skeletons In The Closet
"I had only known her for one week. How could I know what skeletons she had in her closet?"
Split Down The Middle
"The election is split down the middle with no clear winner at the moment."
Start From Scratch
"How are you going to build your business?" Answer: "Just like everyone else does: starting from scratch."
The Apple Of Your Eye
"Even when they were young, she was always the apple of his eye."
The Ball Is In Your Court
"My uncle helped me to get an interview at his company, now the ball is in my court."
The Best Of Both Worlds
"My wife and I bought one house in Paris and one in New York; it gives us the best of both worlds."
The Bigger They Are The Harder They Fall
"Are you worried that he might be too strong?" Answer: "No I'm not. He is big, but the bigger they are, the harder they fall."
The Devil Is In The Details
"I can sketch a basic outline of the plan for you and it may look very simple, but the devil is in the details."
The Early Bird Catches The Worm
"I always arrive at work 30 minutes early; the early bird catches the worm!"
The Ends Justify The Means
"I agree with your goal, but the ends do not justify the means."
The Jury Is Out
"Its hard to say if what we did was the right thing. The jury is still out on it."
The Pot Calling The Kettle Black
"Here comes the guy who is always late for work." Answer: "Aren't you the pot calling the kettle black?"
The Pros And Cons
"I've considered the pros and cons and I've decided: it is going to be expensive, but I still want to go to college."
The Sky Is The Limit
"After I graduate from business school, the sky's the limit!"
The Straw That Broke The Camel's Back
"You've been rude to me all day, and I've had it. That's the last straw!"
The Writing On The Wall
"Can't you see the writing on the wall?"
Third Wheel
"You two go on ahead without me. I don't want to be the third wheel."
Tie The Knot
"Did you hear about Dan and Jenny? They finally decided to tie the knot!"
To Err Is Human, To Forgive Divine
"I will never forgive my mother for what she has done!" Answer: "Don't be angry at her. To err is human, to forgive divine."
Tooth And Nail
"That was a tough match; they fought us tooth and nail!"
Truer Words Were Never Spoken
"The earlier I get up, the better the day I have." Answer:" Truer words were never spoken."
Turn Over A New Leaf
"I'm turning over a new leaf; I've decided to quit smoking."
Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right
"That boy pushed me yesterday and I am going to get him back today!" Answer: "No you are not! Two wrongs do not make a right."
Two's Company; Three's a Crowd
"Why did you have to bring your sister? Two's company; three's a crowd!"
Under The Gun
"Everyone at the office has been working under the gun since the new manager arrived."
Under The Weather
"What's wrong?" Answer: "I'm a bit under the weather."
Up Against
"We have been up against stronger opponents in the past."
Up For Grabs
"Quick- that table is up for grabs; let's get it before someone else does."
Variety Is The Spice Of Life
Example: "We were originally planning to go to Mexico on our vacation this year - like we did last year - but we decided to go to Egypt instead. Variety is the spice of life!"
Water Under The Bridge
"Aren't you still angry about what he said?" Answer: "No, that was a long time ago. It's all water under the bridge."
Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve
"My brother always lets you know how he feels; he wears his heart on his sleeve."
What They Don't Know Won't Hurt Them
"Don't tell your father what happened; what he doesn't know won't hurt him."
When In Rome, Do As The Romans Do
"Are you sure we should eat this with our hands?" Answer: "Why not? All of these people are eating it that way. When in Rome, do as the Romans do!"
When It Rains, It Pours
"Sometimes we have no customers for two or three hours then suddenly we get 20 people all at once; when it rains, it pours!"
When Pigs Fly
"Would you ever take her on a date?" Answer: "Sure- when pigs fly!"
Wine And Dine
"That man is really is really crazy about my sister. He has been wining and dining her all month."
With Your Back Up Against The Wall
"I'm sorry I can't help you; I've got my back up against the wall."
Without A Doubt
"Are you going to watch the game tomorrow?" Answer: "Without a doubt!"
Word Of Mouth
"Where did you hear about that?" Answer: "Just word of mouth."
You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover
;"He dresses in plain clothing and drives an ordinary car. Who would know he is the richest man in town? You can't judge a book by its cover!"
Your Guess Is As Good As Mine
"Excuse me, what time does the bus arrive?" Answer: "Your guess is as good as mine; I almost never take the bus."
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